The aim of thie literature review was to study the advantages and disadventages of the intranasal medication, treating children with acute pain in  prehsopital settings and in emergency care. Searches were performed in databases PubMed and Cinahl. The intranasal method of administrating drugs could be a acceptable compliment to todays's traditional metods. Unnecessary pain is avoided as there is no need for skin penetration. Further studies are necessary in order to integrate this metod both in prehospital settings and in emeregncy care..

The 1st of January 2009 a new goal was set for the emergency care in Stockholms läns landsting. This new goal stated that 70 per cent of the patients shall not spend more than four hours in the hospital when requesting emergency care. The processes in the emergency room at Södersjukhuset do not cope with this new goal. The authors studied the reasons for this and made suggestions based on the findings. The conclusions were that the emergency room should place doctors much earlier in the emergency care process or implement a system where specialists act as tutors to non-specialized doctors.

ABSTRACTBackground: As a nurse it is a part of your work description to precepting students. A good relationship between preceptor and student is important for a successful precepting witch can be rewarding for both parties. There are many studies on how nurses in hospital departments experience precepting students, however it is not as explored in the prehospital care.Objective: To describe ambulance nurses' experience of precepting nursing students in the third and final year of university-level nursing school.Method: A qualitative study was conducted. Nine respondents at two ambulance stations in central Sweden were selected with the help of strategic convenience sample. The informants were nurses with specialist education in ambulance/prehospital care who had experience of working in the ambulance unit for at least a year.Result: The majority of participants were positive to precepting students and the time seemed adequate.

 Aim. To describe patients who have got a recommendation by a telenurse to visit the emergency department and how many of these patients could have received care in the primary health care instead. Further on, the aim was to describe if there are patients not following the recommendations.Methods. Quantitative, descriptive study, with an examination of medical records of the patients, which the telenurses recommended to visit the emergency department, during one week. Assessments whether the patient could seek medical care at the primary health care was made, firstly based on the telenurses documentation and secondly on both the telenurses and the emergency department´s documentation.Results.

The purpose of this study was to explore nurses' experiences of obstructed airways in the prehospital work.A qualitative interview study with a descriptive and explorative design was used. The sample consisted of nine registered nurses whereof three were women and six were men, with or without further education and varying length of experience in the ambulance service.Prehospital personnel builds up a vast plan of action based on the emergency information provided by SOS. Simple methods for managing obstructed airways were stated often enough. Problems with obstructed airways are considered so unusual that it never becomes a routine. Several factors affect the identification and managing of obstructed airways, both external factors and the different patient categories are considered important.

The emergency medical care in Sweden has been under persistent debate, due to factors such as long waiting hours, inefficient patient flow, and understaffed departments. In an effort to meet the critique and with a willingness to improve the problems, an increasing amount of emergency clinics are adopting theories and models within Lean. Positive outcomes are evident, there has been some criticism directed towards Lean. Among these is the argument that in order for Lean to be successful it needs to be used within standardized and foreseeable processes, and that it therefore only is applicable to those kind of processes found within industrial production. This prompted the question of whether Lean was a suitable strategy within emergency medical care, considering the large variation of patients and non-foreseeable processes that in fact share little resemblance to that of industrial production.

Background: Previous research demonstrates that negative stress in the current situation is common among nurses working in emergency care. The stress is demonstrated to be associated with poorer provided care for patients and impaired health of nurses. Aim: The purpose of the study was to highlight nurses' perception of stress and their work for a good nursing care on an emergency care department. Method: An empirical design with qualitative approach has been used. Five semi-structured interviews were conducted with nurses and forms the basis of the results of the study.

Background: The patient meets nurses in the emergency department that provide both nursing and has medical skills. The care that the patients are receiving should be individually adjusted. The care is shaped by the individual meeting with the patient according to the nursing theorist Orlando. There are large variations between the number of patients in an emergency department and it sets high demands on the staff, both physically and mentally. When the emergency department is highly loaded there is a priority for medical care and psycho-social and aesthetic aspects will have to wait.

Sammanfattning.Bakgrund:Crush syndrome eller traumatisk rahbdomyolys är vanligt vid större naturkatastrofer som tex jordbävningar. Det kan också uppkomma när personer utsätts för tryck mot musklerna vid tex stroke, intoxikationer, byggnadsras, industriolyckor. Inom ambulanssjukvården i Sverige har vi inte någon behandlingsplan för detta tillstånd och därför kan det finnas en risk att dessa patienter inte får rätt omvårdnad.Syfte:Studiens syfte var att belysa ambulanssjuksköterskans omvårdnad vid risk för Crush syndrome.Metod:En litteraturstudie gjordes för att granska redan publicerat forskningsmaterial. Sökningarna gjordes i databaserna Cinahl och Pubmed. Fem artiklar inkluderades och innehållet analyserades med manifest innehållsanalys.Resultat:De patienter som riskerar att få Crush syndrom har följande symtom: skada på muskelmassa, förlängd kompression, komprimerad lokal cirkulation, puls >120 och onormal urinfärg.

According to the health care law and the national care guarantee, all individuals with mental illness have the right to good health care that is knowledge based as well as to rehabilitation where and when they need it. They also should be able to choose and have control over who is performing the care, including the design of these efforts. The purpose of this study is to investigate patients' experiences of general psychiatric emergency care and the cooperation between outpatient care, inpatient care and the municipality. This study is a descriptive cross-sectional study, conducted with a quantitative and qualitative method. The study is performed in collaboration with Akademiska Sjukhuset and is part of a larger quality improvement project.

Introduction: Frequent attenders is a term used in health care services that define a person attending a health care setting more than four times during a 12 month period. Recently published research concerning frequent attenders in pediatric emergency departments describes their reasons for attending a health care service or characteristics of these individuals but lacks a qualitative approach exploring their experiences. There is a need of these experiences to be shared so that health care personnel caring for this group may gain a greater understanding of their needs and expectations.Aim: The aim of this study is to describe how parents of children defined as frequent attenders experience the care received at a pediatric emergency department.Method: Qualitative approach with semi-structured interviews. A pilot study of four interviews was conducted to test the method. Sampling consisted of parents of children defined as frequent attenders and that were not diagnosed with a chronic illness.

Background: Good communication is very important for the safety of patients in emergency situations. Few studies have been conducted regarding communication among health care staff. The aim of the present study was to investigate anesthetist nurses experience of communication among health care staff during a situation of emergency in a hospital ward.Methods: The study is explorative and based on interviews with six anesthetist nurses. A qualitative content analysis was used as an analyses model.Result: The six anesthetist nurses experienced structured communication as of great importance during an emergency situation. Three main categories appeared from the material: i) the importance of the organization ii) communication structure and communication patterns and iii) education and experience with nine subcategories.

Aim: The aim of this study was to investigate how VAS (Visual Analogue Scale) is used in the prehospital environment, and describe how patients 40 years and older with acute chest pain describe their pain with help of VAS. Further, to investigate how the literature describes other instruments to evaluate pain. Method: This was a descriptive study and used both literature and empiric material as foundation. The selection consist of the paramedics medical record from one emergency department, 100 men and 100 women with chest pain witch had been transported with ambulance to one hospital in middle of Sweden. A literature review was done in order to see what previous research recommends for pain rating scales.Results: The study showed that 71 (35 %) of 200 individuals pain were rated with VAS according to the guidelines for the ambulance department.

Aim: The aim of this study was to describe how patients with acute illness experience their given care in the emergency department. Method: A literature review of ten studies where differences and similarities were analyzed. These studies had been published between the years of 2000 and 2011. Results: The analysis showed a lack of sufficient care concerning patients? subjective experiences.

Akut smärta är det vanligast förekommande symtom som den prehospitala akutsjukvården ställs inför. Behandlingsriktlinjerna presenterar intranasalt Fentanyl som ett alternativ för akut smärtlindring. Då det finns ett begränsat utbud av studier utförda på vuxna och inom prehospital akutsjukvård var syftet med studien att beskriva effekter av intranasal administrering av Fentanyl i prehospital akutsjukvård. Studien genomfördes med en kvantitativ metod och med en retrospektiv, deskriptiv design. Studien baserades på en granskning av 15 patientjournaler från Ambulanssjukvården i Region Halland och deras journalsystem Paratus.